When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998) finds). Note: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found.). What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019.

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Endnote citation format apa